How a Bill becomes an Act

Numerous laws are present in our country. We'll just go through how a bill becomes an act or a law.

First of all let me tell u what is a bill....

For example consider Foreign Direct Investment, it is a proposal introduced by the Congress Govt. in the Parliament. It is a bill because it is in initial stage and is yet to be passed by the Parliament.
Now, a Bill is defined as a proposal which is introduced for the consideration of the members of the Parliament.

Any member of the Parliament can introduce a bill. Not only an MP, any person in the society can introduce the bill in the Parliament.

Types of Bills: 

Bills are of two types based on the purpose it's been introduced.

1. Public Bills: Which is framed for general public.
2. Private Bills: framed which is confined only to an individual or a group or community. 

A Bill is framed as a Draft in the Parliament. A Bill becomes an Act or a Law when it is successfully passed through the following steps.

Process of Bill into an Act:

1. First Reading: In this stage, the Bill or Draft is introduced in the Parliament. The member who is to introduce this in one of the Houses (Lok Sabha/Rajya Sabha) ask for a leave. If the leave is accepted by the House then the bill is introduced. If the leave is not granted, then the member of the House who is opposed and the member who supports for the leave has to be answerable to the speaker. This is called First Reading where the bill is introduced in the House.
2. Second Reading: In this stage there are two sub stages.
1. In this stage, general discussion is held in the House. i.e., the purpose of the Bill is discussed. At this stage, the Bill may be passed to the next sub-stage or it can be sent to refer to the Selection Committee or to Joint Committee.
2. In the second sub-stage the Bill is discussed clause-by-clause and amendments for the clauses are made at this stage.

            Selection Committee/Joint Committee: Select(confined only to that House)/Joint(belongs to the
            combined Houses) Committee refers the Bill clause-by-clause and suggests for any amendments to
            the Bill and Submits its report to the House/s.

      3. Third Reading: After the Bill is passed without any objection in the Second Reading, then third stage
          comes into existence. In this stage, the discussion whether to accept or reject the Bill is discussed. If
          the Bill is accepted in this stage, then it is passed to the other House and the same process is repeated.

If the Bill is passed in both the Houses, then it is sent for the assent of the President. The President may give his assent or he may send back to Houses for reconsideration or may hold the draft with him for some time. If for the second time, the Bill is passed in both the Houses and sent for the assent to the President then there is no choice for him to again the Bill back to Houses but have to give his assent. The Bill comes into Act when the President gives his accent.

Q.What happens if the Bill is not accepted by both the Houses or any?

A. The President heads for the Joint Sitting of the Houses, discusses the Bill and if any amendments are required, makes them and passes the Bill. Joint Sitting is not applicable to any Constitutional Amendment Bills

Note: If a Bill has to be passed in a House, a majority of 2/3rd of the members must accept it.

Money Bills: Money Bills are introduced only in the Lok Sabha. They are sent for Rajya Sabha for any modifications or amendments, but this House has no right to vote. If the Bill is not returned to the Lok Sabha within 14days, then the Bill is said to be passed. If the Rajya Sabha suggests any amendments, the Lok Sabha may or may not consider the amendments but passes the Bill.