The Preamble Of Indian Constitution

The Preamble of Indian Constitution represents the whole structure and the fundamental values of the Constitution, also the aims and objectives of the founding fathers of the nation.

The Preamble was adopted on twenty-six November, 1949.When the Preamble was designed, it described the State as "Sovereign, Democratic, Republic". In 1976 when Emergency was active in the Country, the forty-second amendment described the State as the "Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic". 

Description of The Preamble:

Every word and Every statement in the Preamble was defined which we see in the following.

A)  We The People Of India: Describes that all the power lies in the People Of India and the political system will be responsible and accountable to the people. This statement is derived from the US Constitution with a little change in the name of the Country. 

B)  Sovereign: It is an essential attribute of the State and is termed as "an absolute power which is not subject to any internal or external control". The State takes decision on its own and without any interference from outside.

As already stated, "We the People" is derived from US Constitution "We the People of United States" which means it is applicable to several independent States/Countries which are part of United States. But India represented the whole people of the country not individual or separate states. This defines that whole people adopted the Constitution and not people of individual states which is Sovereign in nature. 

Note: No State or Country is said to be Sovereign officially because this is an era where all the countries are dependent on each other say in Security issues, Peace, Trade etc.,

C)  Socialism: Socialist is he who is "free from all kinds of exploitation - social, economic and political". Socialism means elimination of inequality in income, status and standard of living. It also means that more power vests in Government or Public. But due to privatization, globalization and liberalization the role of Government has been reduced gradually after 1990s and the power is transferred to private ownership which made the State imbalanced and lead to inequality and discrimination.

D)  Secularism: The Secular State is one which gives individual and corporate freedom of religion, and is not constitutionally connected to a particular religion nor does it seek either to promote or interfere with the religion. The Secular State has nothing to do with the religion i.e., it is not in favor of any religion nor does it oppose any.

E)  Democracy: Means Government by people as against to monarchy or dictatorship which are ruled by a single person, oligarchy or aristocracy which are ruled by few persons. In a democratic government, whole power rests in the people irrespective of status, religion, caste, gender etc., every one are equal before the government. Our country is an indirect representative democratic country where people elect their representatives who will form a government and rule the people. This form of indirect government best suits when the domain of the region is so large and with more population to rule. Direct Government also exist in our country in the form of gram sabhas, gram panchayats etc., where people are the decision makers. This form of government is good for small regions and with less population.

F) Republic: Republic is a concept that defines the supreme are none other than the people and there is no privileged class and public offices are open to every citizen without any discrimination. In a Republic State, there is no hereditary ruler and the head of the State is elected by the people for a fixed term and he is the President of the Republic.

G) Justice: Justice means harmonization of interests between individuals, between groups, between individuals and groups on the one hand and interests of community on the other. Preamble applies the Justice in terms of social, economic and politic more concentrating on both social and economic.Social Justice is that all citizens are treated equal irrespective of their status in the society as a result of birth, race, caste, religion etc., Economic Justice is that rich and poor are treated alike in front of Justice and that efforts are made to bridge gap between them. Political Justice is every citizen has the right to participate in political process irrespective of religion, caste, race etc.,

H) Equality: Equality applies to status and opportunity in the Preamble. i.e., there is no discrimination between one person and other.

I) Fraternity: It promotes the idea of Brotherhood. The fundamental rights and the directive principles which are introduced in the Constitution to achieve social and economic equality also promotes fraternity